Pioneers Of Espionage: Profiles Of Some Of The First Spymasters
نشرت 15 08, 2022 مؤلف CEO
Introduction
The field of intelligence studies, as an academic discipline, has served as a conduit through which the calibration of foreign policy, the history of war, the history of diplomacy, the development and decline of empire, and the restructuring of the international system in general have been subjected to new methods of inquiry and analysis. Furthermore, the field of intelligence studies is intimately related to business and economic policy (business intelligence being an integral part of intelligence), and it provides useful examples and lessons for the organization and management of any human community.
Finally, intelligence analysis is inextricably linked to policy analysis. Policy analysis underpins and informs policy making, even if there is a lengthy lag between policy analysis and its gradual absorption into political debate. Once established as common sense, a text of policy analysis becomes incredibly powerful, because it delineates not only what is the object of knowledge but also what it is sensible to talk about or suggest. If one thinks and acts outside the framework of the dominant text of policy analysis, he/she risks more than simply the judgment that his/her recommendations are wrong; his/her entire moral attitude may be ridiculed or seen as dangerous just because his/her theoretical assumptions are deemed unrealistic. Therefore, defining common sense and what is “reality” and “realistic” is the ultimate act of political power. Policy analysis does not simply explain or predict, it tells us what possibilities exist for human action and intervention; it defines both our explanatory possibilities and our moral and practical horizons.
R-Techno Ltd, having created its own databases and training programs regarding intelligence studies in general and history of espionage in particular, offers high value-added services to its corporate and political, individual and institutional clients, both in terms of transferring know-how and solving specific problems. In the aforementioned context, this essay provides a brief overview of the work of the following spymasters (and their close associates):
- Sun Tzu,
- Alexander the Great,
- Sir Francis Walsingham,
- Christopher Marlowe,
- Daniel Defoe,
- Cardinal Richelieu,
- Benjamin Franklin.
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